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Which kings (kuningaz) ruled these Suiones is unknown, but Norse mythology presents a long line of legendary and semi-legendary kings going back to the last centuries BC.

As for literacy in Sweden itself, the runic script was in use among the south Scandinavian elite by at least the 2nd century AD, but all that has come down to the present from the Roman Period is curt inscriptions on artefacts, mainly of male names, demonstrating that the people of south Scandinavia spoke Proto-Norse at the time, a language ancestral to Swedish and other North Germanic languages.

Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen.

Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested.

At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area.Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag.Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister.After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, which Sweden left in 1523.With the Swedish involvement in the Thirty Years War, on the Reformist side, began an expansion of its territories and eventually the Swedish Empire was formed.

Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens.